During flow, people are deeply motivated to persist in their activities and to perform such activities again ( Csikszentmihalyi, 1975 EFRN, 2014). The phenomenon was described by Csikszentmihalyi (1975) in order to explain why people perform activities for no reason but for the activity itself, without extrinsic rewards. While flow research has made progress in understanding flow, in the future, more experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to gain deeper insights into the causal structure of flow and its antecedents and consequences.įlow “is a gratifying state of deep involvement and absorption that individuals report when facing a challenging activity and they perceive adequate abilities to cope with it” ( EFRN, 2014). Using our framework, we systematically present the findings for each category. The second “Contextual” level contains the categories for contextual and interindividual factors and the third “Cultural” level contains cultural factors that relate to flow. In the first “Individual” level are the categories for personality, motivation, physiology, emotion, cognition, and behavior. The provided framework consists of three levels of flow research. Our review (1) provides a framework to cluster flow research, (2) gives a systematic overview about existing studies and their findings, and (3) provides an overview about implications for future research. Overall, 252 studies have been included in this review. However, to our best knowledge, no scoping review exists that takes a systematic look at studies on flow which were published between the years 20. The flow concept was introduced by Csikszentmihalyi in 1975, and interest in flow research is growing. Flow is a gratifying state of deep involvement and absorption that individuals report when facing a challenging activity and they perceive adequate abilities to cope with it ( EFRN, 2014).
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