Even within this group there is heterogeneity, however, those with evidence of residual insulin secretion manifest better glycemic control and improved outcomes. At one end of the spectrum, T1D is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β-cells resulting in a total or near-total loss of β-cell mass and insulin secretory capacity. Regardless of etiology, all forms of diabetes are characterized by either absolute or relative defects in insulin secretion. This information could be used to predict progression of the disease, guide selection of optimal therapy and monitor responses to interventions, thus improving outcomes in patients with diabetes.ĭiabetes is heterogeneous with respect to genetics, pathophysiology and clinical progression 1. These data suggest that miRNAs linked to β-cell injury and islet inflammation might be useful biomarkers to distinguish between subtypes of diabetes. Levels of several miRNAs were significantly correlated with glucose responses during oral glucose tolerance testing, HbA 1c, β-cell function, and insulin resistance in healthy controls, prediabetes, and T2D. MiRNAs including miR-375 (linked to β-cell injury), miR-21 (associated with islet inflammation), miR-24.1, miR-30d, miR-34a, miR-126, miR-146, and miR-148a were significantly elevated in subjects with various forms of diabetes compared to healthy controls. The study was conducted at the Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (TRI-MD), Florida Hospital. We measured plasma levels of selected miRNAs in subjects with prediabetes (n = 12), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 31), latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA, n = 6) and type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 16) and compared them to levels in healthy control subjects (n = 27). Thus, circulating pancreatic islet-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) might be useful biomarkers of β-cell injury/dysfunction that would allow more accurate subtyping of diabetes. The clinical presentation of diabetes sometimes overlaps, contributing to ambiguity in the diagnosis.
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